Genetic resources are defined as the fraction of biodiversity that has potential of utility nowadays. These resources are the basis of humanitarian support, supply the basic needs and help solve problems such as hunger and poverty. Cultures, economically, important for the country has been explored thoroughly, contributing with habitat destruction and genetic erosion of genetic resources. It is necessary, so, conserve the biological variability, benefiting present and future generations.
Genetic resources have great importance, becouse, an estimate proves that next thirty years the human population will reach 8.5 billion of inhabitants and to feed this number of people we have to increase our efficiency of production of food, medicine, shelter, etc. With the use of genes contained in germplasm banks, we could increase production efficiency and reduce the susceptibility of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.
The oldest record of interest in genetic resources come the ancient Egypt, Hatshetput’s queen shipped a expedition, in the year 1.500 a.c, to collect plants a tree known as Punt, which produced a flavored gum that was used in the temple of al Bahar.
In 1974, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) established activities of the International Board of Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), now IBPGR is called International Plant Genetic Resources (IPGRI), and is concentrating efforts to systematize the study of Genetic Resources, alerting population to the importance of them, maintaining and conserving, for current and future generations a lot of accesses many species.
In Brazil, the activities of collection and conservation of biodiversity began 1970 with the creation of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology - CENARGEN, the same has more than 85.000 accesses. In northeastern of Brazil, are found Germplasm Banks (BAGs) and collections of work by tropical fruit trees, vegetables, forage, grains, fiber and oil.
The conservation of genetic resources is a continue activity, which involves long-term resources in time, trained people, buildings and finances. Currently, the reasons to conserve species should be defined based on scientific, logic and economic criterias, such as the need, value, use and conservation of then.
Can infer, so, that exists a lot of accesses stored / preserved for several species of economic importance, but the genetic variability in BAGs still needs to be expanded.

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