With the huge population of humans on Earth, the high rates of diseases that afflict humanity and the increased number of pathogenic types, affects health and welfare of human beings, inferring our dependence on therapeutic effects of plants.
Of 250.000 species of higher plants, estimated that 35 to 70.000 were used as medicine by one or another culture in a given time. Thus, it seems obvious resort of genetic resources available, in order to make rational use. This can be fully achieved through genetic improvement, by using varieties that have high yield of desired substances, targeting standardize the drug dose.
For genetic improvement of medicinal plants, is understood in the genotypes of interacting species under study, to obtain in the same place of cultivation, increased dry weight and / or fresh, or yet, increasing of active ingredients in plant. To minimize the effects of environment on production of active ingredients, many researchers have been using biotechnology. Biotechnological techniques in studies of medicinal plants are very useful, focusing plant tissue culture and genetic transformation, which were done in Aloe spp., Agave spp., Datura spp., Dioscorea spp. and Solanum spp.
We should consider the available genetic resources, prioritizing knowledge about the reproductive system and genetic variability of the species considered.
The prospects of genetic improvement of medicinal plants are related to the acquisition of germplasm competitive for different regions of the country; ion of plant varieties adapted to conditions of culture; election of new species that serve as a source of biologically active compounds, focusing of the increase infectious diseases resistant to usual therapies; improve the production of phytopharmaceuticals to internal and external market.
We should, so, establish priorities, identify demand for products developed, determining properties in poor germplasm available to focus efforts.

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